Laser Welding Principle And Parameter Setting Adjustment Of Laser Welding Machine

Laser welding is the use of high-energy laser pulses to locally heat materials in a small area. The energy of laser radiation diffuses into the interior of the material through heat conduction, and the material is melted to form a specific molten pool.

It is a new type of welding method. Laser welding is mainly aimed at the welding of thin-walled materials and precision parts. It can realize spot welding, butt welding, lap welding, and sealing welding. Small size, small deformation, fast welding speed, smooth and beautiful weld seam, no need for post-welding treatment or only simple treatment, high quality weld seam, no porosity, precise control, small focus spot, high positioning accuracy, easy to realize automation.

Laser welding is an efficient and precise welding method that uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source. Laser welding is one of the important aspects of the application of laser material processing technology.

China's laser welding is at the advanced level in the world. It has the technology and ability to use laser to form complex titanium alloy components of more than 12 square meters, and has invested in the prototype and product manufacturing of many domestic aviation research projects.

In October 2013, Chinese welding experts won the Brooke Award, the highest academic award in the field of welding, and China's laser welding level has been affirmed by the world.

What is the parameter setting adjustment of the laser welding machine? In the process of using the laser welding machine, how do we know what adjustments should be made to the parameters of the laser welding machine? For welding different materials, the parameters of the laser welding machine are different. Let's take a look at the parameter settings of the laser welding machine.

Laser pulse width:

The laser pulse width is an important parameter in the welding process of the laser welding machine. The laser pulse width determines the welding width and depth of the weld. The setting of the laser pulse width affects the welding effect; the longer the pulse width, the larger the heat-affected zone. The penetration depth increases with the 1/2 power of the pulse width. In fact, for each material, there is an optimal pulse width that can maximize penetration.

Laser power density:

Laser power density is one of the most critical parameters in laser processing. There is a threshold value of laser energy density in laser welding. Below this value, the penetration depth is very shallow. Once this value is reached or exceeded, the penetration depth will be greatly increased; therefore, the higher the power density, the faster the surface layer of the workpiece is heated to the boiling point. With high power density, the surface layer can be heated to the boiling point within microseconds, resulting in a large amount of vaporization. Therefore, high power density is beneficial for material removal processes such as drilling, cutting, and engraving. For a lower power density, it takes several milliseconds for the surface temperature to reach the boiling point. Before the surface layer vaporizes, the bottom layer reaches the melting point, which is easy to form a good fusion weld.

Laser pulse waveform:

Laser pulse waveform is an important issue in laser welding, especially for sheet welding. When the high-intensity laser beam hits the surface of the material, 40~70% of the laser energy will be reflected and lost on the metal surface, and the reflectivity changes with the surface temperature. During a laser pulse action period, the metal reflectivity changes greatly. Therefore, different metals have different laser reflectivity and laser application rate. To carry out effective welding, lasers with different waveforms must be input, so that The metal structure at the weld can be crystallized in the best way to form a structure consistent with the base metal to form a high-quality weld. In actual welding, the pulse waveform can be flexibly adjusted according to the welding characteristics of different materials. For example, for brittle materials, the pulse waveform with slowly decreasing energy can be used to slow down the quenching speed.

The parameter setting adjustment of the laser welding machine is mainly the adjustment of the laser pulse width, laser power density, and laser pulse waveform. Corresponding to different welding materials, the parameters of the laser welding machine have different debugging data. The adjustment of the parameter settings of the laser welding machine is mainly based on your three main points. Users can adjust the parameters of the laser welding machine according to the welding materials.

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